LEADERS GUIDE TO
SPECIAL OPERATIONS SNIPER
TRANING AND EMPLOYMNET
THE SPECIAL OPERATIONS SNIPER
The Special Operations Sniper is a selected volunteer specially trained in advanced marksmanship and fieldcraft
skills. He can support special operations (SO) missions and is able to engage selected targets from concealed
positions at ranges and under conditions that are not possible for the normal rifleman.
MISSION
Special operations snipers are trained, and equipped military and paramilitary forces conduct special operations
missions. Their goal is to achieve military, political, economic, or psychological objectives by unconventional means
in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive areas. Operations conduct missions in peacetime operations and war,
independently or in coordination with operations of conventional forces. Politico-military considerations frequently
shape operations, requiring clandestine, covert or low-visibility techniques, and oversight at the national level.
Operations usually differ from conventional operations in their degree of risk, operational techniques, mode of
employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence upon operational intelligence and indigenous
assets.
MARKSMAN VS SNIPER
There are two kinds of ranged shooters: the marksman and the sniper.
A marksman, which is embedded within the special operations squad are adept at hitting his targets with extreme
accuracy, up to 800m and at ranges that vary frequently; not an easy task in its own light. The marksman moves and
moves with the squad.
Meanwhile, a sniper is independently of the unit and has the advantage of agility: able to assemble and deploy
quickly (usually undetected) with minimal logistical planning and resources. On the ground, they can act
independently and maneuvering seamlessly whereas a marksman’s duty must be to his squad first. The recon and
intelligence gathering that a sniper team is in the best position to achieve can empower field leaders with advanced
information to aid in the coordination of their forces against enemy’s plans far beyond their view.
Under normal circumstances the differences between a marksman and sniper should be well understood so the lines
are never blurred; rather, to ensure both are utilized to their fullest. Both roles are central in that they extend the
range of the unit, the marksman as part of a squad over their fire teams; and a sniper team as part of a platoon over
their squads. Two very important roles, neither considered better.
THE SNIPER TEAM
Snipers conduct missions in pairs to enhance the team’s effectiveness, provide mutual security, and maintain
constant support for each other.
The more experienced of the pair will act as the observer during the shot. This method is especially important on a
high priority target. The more experienced sniper is better able to read winds and give the shooter a compensated
aim point to ensure a first-round hit. Also, a high-priority target may warrant that both snipers engage the target at
the same time. The two-man concept allows this flexibility.
Past experience has shown that deploying as a sniper/observer team significantly increases the success rate of the
missions. With few exceptions, snipers who are deployed singly have shown a marked decrease in their
effectiveness and performance almost immediately after the start of the mission. This decrease is due to the sniper
becoming overwhelmed with concern for his security, the tasks to be accomplished
SNIPER TEAM ORGANIZATION
Either member of the sniper team can perform the function of the sniper the other member performs the function of the observer. The two-man team is the smallest organization recommended. It offers mobility, concealment, and flexibility. The sniper team can maintain continuous observation of an area while alternating security, sleeping, eating, and relieving the stress inherent in a single-man operation. The sniper/observer relationship of the sniper pair is invaluable in target acquisition, estimation of range to targets, observation of bullet trace and impact, and in offering corrections to targets engaged. Under certain circumstances the team may be augmented with a squad- to platoon-sized element. This element may be used for security, hide construction, or as a cover for a stay-behind operation. If the augmentation is for security purposes, the security element must be located far enough away from the team to prevent its compromise. A starting guideline is 800 to 1,000 meters that must be modified according to the situation and the terrain. It is critical to mission success that the sniper team and the augmentation unit be thoroughly familiar with each other and have well-developed standing operating procedures (SOPs). Sniper teams may also be augmented with additional observers or snipers. The primary team will act as the sniper/observer pair if a shot is required. The augmentees act only as observers during an observation cycle.
SNIPER QUILIFICATIONS
To qualify as a sniper the operator must be able to engage and kill 8 moving targets with only 10 rounds, from first the operator has 120 seconds to complete the task.
(10 rounds to make 8 hits)
2 moving targets at 800m ~
2 still targets at 900 m~
2 still moving at 1000m~
2 still targets at 1100 m~
BALLISTICS
BULLET DAMAGE
The ballistic properties of various rounds are important to understand. Simply put, as your firing extends beyond the max zero range of your rifle, the smaller bullet sizes or calibers will inevitably do less damage.
BULLET DROP
Bullet drop is an active element in Arma, of course. Most sniper systems have the ability to zero out to a distance to adjust for this allowing you to use the center of a scope’s crosshairs to engage targets out to their max zero range. If you engage an enemy beyond what your sniper system can zero to, it is then necessary to use the hold over method. In the range charts we provided weapon data showing characteristics like the holdover, speed, and damage at incremental ranges. At the very least, these charts give you the mil, tick, or chevron reference to help you adjust your POA for engagement of targets in between and over your weapon’s zeroing intervals.
BULLET TRAVEL TIME/LAG
Trying to hit moving targets is tricky for a few reasons. First, the bullet travel time is consistent; your lag however, is not. Latency, better known as lag, is an accepted fact of gaming over a network connection and can easily have aplay in what you can and cannot do. Through practice, you will gain experience and more often than not achieve thepoint where you can overcome even the smallest amount of consistent lag existing naturally in any online game.Eventually you will grow better at hitting targets on the move.
Skills
One of the core competencies of a sniper must not only be shooting with great accuracy and precision. Controlling the factors that enable you to do this is a superior skill. These factors generally include personal concerns like patience and discipline. A sniper must have a strong knowledge of his perspective and situation, far beyond just what he sees through the scope. The formula for great marksmanship skills lies first in managing your stance and breathing pattern and then applying the knowledge of what you read through the scope
EQUIPMENT
The operator is free to chose the rifle they feel most conferrable with, but understand in the marksman role a higher rate of sustained fire will be required.
There are 5 Types of Rifles (based on their Precision level) which you can choose:
Benchrest Rifle --> Shot Group / Shot Dispersion / Extreme Spread size is about 0 MoA - 0.23 MoA (0.00 inch- 0.23 inch at 100 yard) --> this rifle is extremely very accurate! :) it's good for HVT, HC, & MTE shot.
Precision Rifle --> Shot Group / Shot Dispersion / Extreme Spread size is about 0.25 MoA - 0.76 MoA (0.25 inch - 0.76 inch at 100 yard) --> this rifle is very accurate! :) it's good for HVT, HC, & MTE shot.
Sniper Rifle --> Shot Group / Shot Dispersion / Extreme Spread size is about 1.00 MoA - 1.53 MoA (1.00 inch - 1.53 inch at 100 yard) --> this rifle is accurate! :) it's good for HVT, HC, & MTE shot.
Designated Marksman Rifle --> Shot Group / Shot Dispersion / Extreme Spread size is about 1.78 MoA - 2.30 MoA (1.78 inch - 2.30 inch at 100 yard) --> this rifle is pretty accurate but not good for precision shooting! :( it's good only for MTE shot.
Assault/Battle Rifle --> Shot Group / Shot Dispersion / Extreme Spread size is bigger than 2.54 MoA (2.54 inch at 100 yard) --> this rifle is not accurate & not suitable for precision shooting at all!
Bolt Action Rifle → it mostly offers more precision and accuracy but it definitely lacks of Speed & Rate of
Fire. This obviously fits HVT & HC shot!
Semi-Auto Rifle → it definitely offers more Speed & Rate of Fire but it usually lacks of precision & accuracy.
This obviously fits MTE shot!